Patterns of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Punjab Pakistan
Keywords:
Breast cancer, Metastasis, Prognosis, HER2, PakistanAbstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer worldwide. It is uncontrollable growth of breast tissues or cells. In Pakistan, breast cancer cases show an increased number of metastasis due to late detection of cancer. Unawareness and carelessness about symptoms are the main causes of worse outcomes.
Objective: To explore the metastatic patterns of breast cancer in patients from Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods: A total of 296 Breast Cancer patient’s data were retrieved from Oncology Department INMOL Cancer Hospital Lahore from Feb. to Dec. 2019. Bloom-Richardson Histological grading systems were used for tumor grading. ER, PR, HER2/neu immunohistochemistry markers were evaluated. Correlations were assessed with different factors including patient sign & symptoms, SGTNM grading system, and ECOG score. SPSS was used to analyze data.
Results: Stage 2 and grade 2 depicted the highest expression of ER, PR and Her2neu in the correlation of breast cancer stages with cancer receptor biomarkers. In correlation of TNM with breast cancer stages, 40.6% of patients have large tumors at stage 2, and 60% of patients have more lymph nodes that contain cancers at stage 2. The significance level of ECOG and grades was 0.015 while of ECOG and stages was 0.002, which shows its significant statistical importance.
Conclusion: Breast cancer spreads and proliferates most in grade 2 or stage 2 and 3. During these stages, the proliferative receptors are overexpressed to support cancer spread, tumor size increases, lymph nodes swell up and metastasis is initiated.
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