Effectiveness of Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure During Multimorbidity; A Review Article

Abstract

Abstract:

Background/Objective: Hypertension is a key determinant for multi-morbidity specifically cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease, which contributes to an increasing healthcare burden. This review aimed to discuss the hypertension in patients with multiple medical conditions and its impact on the effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) during various morbidity such as cardiovascular, kidney disease, Stroke and diabetes mellitus. This review is helpful for researchers who conducted a study on self-monitoring of blood pressure during different morbidities.

Methodology: Google Scholar was employed as a secondary search tool, while electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus, PMC, PubMed database, and Web of Science were utilized.  These key words were used for self-monitoring of blood pressure, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, out-of-office BP measurement, In –office BP measurement, home based blood pressure monitoring, digital monitoring and white coat affect.

Results: The results of various literatures showed that Self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) alone led to modest reductions in clinic systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) at 6 months (SBP/DBP -3.1/-2.0 mmHg) and 12 months (SBP/DBP -1.2/-0.8 mmHg), with a significant reduction at 6 months, in contrast to standard care in the administration of hypertension. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has been linked to lower blood pressure and increased prescription use. While self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) with telemonitoring shows potential for long-term benefits, its effects beyond the 12-month mark are unknown.

Conclusion: The literature review concluded that self-monitoring blood pressure is helpful in reducing blood pressure significantly in patients with various morbidities, including diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This can be achieved through lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medication.