Relationship between Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels and Coronary Artery Disease Severity: Insights from a Tertiary Care Setting
Keywords:
Coronary artery disease, Apolipoprotein, abnormalities, LipidsAbstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein B over apolipoprotein A1 (apoB/apoA1) ratio is a significant marker for CAD risk than traditional lipid values. Likewise, total cholesterol over high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio and other metabolic syndrome components have a strong association with CAD.
Objectives: To compare lipid and apolipoprotein abnormalities in patients with single-, double- and triple-vessel CAD
Methods: The comparative cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore Pakistan included 300 CAD patients and categorized into three groups based on the number of affected vessels. Another 100 normal healthy volunteers were included in control group. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood specimens collected from all patients and controls analyzed for serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means of lipid parameters between groups.
Results: Mean age was 48.52±7.68 years. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and TC/HDL ratio were highest in double-vessel group, while apoB, LDL/HDL ratio was highest in triple-vessel group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index were also significantly different in patients with single-, double- and triple-vessel CAD (p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, significantly higher mean levels of apoB and lower levels of apoA1 were found in CAD patients (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Serum lipid levels varied significantly between the four groups. Triglycerides and HDL2/HDL3 ratio were different between single- and double-vessel CAD, as well as single- and triple-vessel CAD groups.
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