Underlying Urinary Tract Infection in Premenopausal Woman: A Case Report

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent infections affecting the bladder, urethra, and kidneys, with premenopausal women being particularly susceptible due to hormonal fluctuations. Premenopause, typically starting in a woman’s 40s, involves significant decreases in estrogen, impacting the urinary system by reducing the health of vaginal and urethral tissues, decreasing blood flow, and raising pH levels. This environment fosters bacterial growth, increasing UTI risk. Additionally, related symptoms such as urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency further predispose these women to infections. Lifestyle factors, sexual activity, and conditions like diabetes also contribute to the higher incidence of UTIs in this demographic.A case study of a 44-year-old woman with chronic vaginal itching, reduced vaginal mucus, and pain during intercourse. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, elevated white blood cells, and protein in urine. Treatment with azithromycin and clindamycin cream, alongside cranberry supplements and multivitamins, led to complete recovery.Recurrent UTIs are common, with a significant portion of women experiencing multiple episodes. Extensive evaluations are usually unnecessary unless there are atypical symptoms or multiple episodes of pyelonephritis. Preventive strategies traditionally recommended include good hygiene and increased fluid intake, though a large study found no significant difference in UTI recurrence based on these measures. Behavioral factors like sexual activity frequency and spermicide use were significant. Cranberry supplements, probiotics, oral uropathogen vaccines, and other methods have inconsistent evidence for effectiveness. In summary, targeted research and clinical interventions are essential to address UTIs among premenopausal women, emphasizing evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies.