Mechanisms, Dissemination, Determinants, and Alternate Strategies for Addressing Antibiotic Activity and Resistance
Keywords:
antibiotics, antimicrobial, antibiotic resistance, bacteriaAbstract
The use of antibiotics is a commonly used therapeutic approach for the treatment of bacterial diseases in a variety of fields, such as human health, agriculture, cattle breeding, and fish aquaculture. How well antibiotics work depends on four different mechanisms of action, each of which is covered in detail in this review. Antibiotic resistance has become a major obstacle to treating bacterial illnesses, notwithstanding its effectiveness. Antibiotics are no longer effective because bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms against them. There are several ways that antibiotic resistance can develop among bacteria, making previously vulnerable microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. The abuse of antibiotics by humans is one of several causes contributing to the growing antibiotic resistance dilemma. Alternative strategies put forth to lessen the escalation of antibiotic resistance are also highlighted in this review.
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